Mars Gazette

In a novel approach to understanding the universe, scientists have developed a new technique that could help them map out the “polka dot” constellations on stars using exoplanets. This innovative method is providing scientists with a fresh perspective on how to study and explore stars, paving the way for exciting new discoveries.

Stars have long fascinated astronomers, not just for their beauty, but also for the secrets they hold about our universe. One of the intriguing characteristics of stars is their “polka dot” appearance, a term used to describe the visible spots on a star’s surface. These patterns are revealing, as they provide essential information about the star’s magnetic activity, rotation, and age.

Now, astronomers have found a unique way to study these dots using exoplanets, planets that orbit a star outside our solar system. As these exoplanets pass or ‘transit’ in front of their host star from our perspective on Earth, they can block out a tiny fraction of the star’s light. By analyzing this drop in brightness, scientists can gather data not just about the exoplanet itself, but also about the star it orbits.

The method, dubbed “Exoplanet Doppler Imaging,” is a promising new way to study stars’ properties, particularly their magnetic activity. As exoplanets transit across their host stars, the interruption of light they cause allows scientists to map the star’s surface in detail, creating a sort of stellar “fingerprint.” These fingerprints can then be studied for insights into the star’s magnetic field, the force that shapes the polka dots or star spots.

Understanding the magnetic activity of stars is key to decoding the mysteries of the universe. It has implications on the behavior of solar flares and stellar wind, which can affect the habitability of planets. This new technique, therefore, could offer valuable insights into the potential for life on exoplanets.

Moreover, the process also promises to reveal more about the age of stars. Typically, younger stars have more polka dots, indicating strong magnetic activity, while older stars tend to have fewer. By cataloguing these polka dot patterns, scientists can gain a clearer understanding of the star’s life cycle.

This innovative approach to studying stars is not just enlightening but also fascinating. It demonstrates the interconnectedness of the universe, showing how the study of exoplanets can illuminate our understanding of their host stars. It underscores the importance of continued exploration and research, reminding us that even the farthest reaches of space have the potential to reveal new insights about our universe.

The sky, it seems, is not so much a limit as it is a canvas for discovery. As we continue to gaze upward, scientists are finding new ways to interpret the cosmic dots that scatter our night sky. Through the study of exoplanets and their host stars, they are painting a clearer picture of our universe, one polka dot at a time.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/astronomy/exoplanets/how-scientists-are-using-exoplanets-to-map-out-polka-dots-on-stars](https://www.space.com/astronomy/exoplanets/how-scientists-are-using-exoplanets-to-map-out-polka-dots-on-stars).

Title: Captivating Images Reveal SpaceX’s Nighttime Launch of the X-37B Space Plane

On August 21, 2025, the evening sky was illuminated by an extraordinary spectacle as SpaceX successfully launched the US Space Force’s X-37B space plane into orbit. Now, SpaceX is offering us a front-row seat to this event through a series of stunning photographs that capture the nighttime launch in all its glory.

The images, released by SpaceX, showcase the Falcon 9 rocket piercing the darkness, its flames casting an ethereal glow against the inky black backdrop. The rocket gracefully ascends, leaving behind a trail of light as it carries the X-37B space plane on its journey into the great unknown.

The X-37B, a test vehicle operated by the US Space Force, is part of a top-secret series of missions known as Orbital Test Vehicle or OTV. The launch marked the eighth mission for the X-37B, and the first time SpaceX’s Falcon 9 has been utilized for this purpose.

The Falcon 9 rocket is renowned for its reusability, a characteristic that has revolutionized the economics of space travel. After the successful deployment of the X-37B, the Falcon 9 made a triumphant return to Earth, landing flawlessly on SpaceX’s drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean. The photos shared by SpaceX capture this achievement, offering a glimpse into the future of sustainable space exploration.

Recognizing the public’s fascination with space travel, SpaceX has made it a tradition to share high-quality images and footage of its missions. Their latest photographic offering brings the August launch to life, allowing space exploration enthusiasts to relive the event.

The images serve not only as a testament to SpaceX’s technological prowess but also as a source of inspiration. These remarkable photos bring a sense of wonder and imagination to the forefront, reminding us of the vastness of the universe and our ongoing efforts to explore its mysteries.

The successful launch of the X-37B marks another significant milestone for SpaceX and the US Space Force. It signifies the continued collaboration between public and private entities in the realm of space exploration.

As we gaze at these magnificent images, we are reminded of the progress we have made in space exploration and the exciting future that awaits us beyond our planet. The successful launch and return of the Falcon 9, along with the deployment of the X-37B, underscores the era of reusable rockets and sustainable space travel that we are entering.

These captivating photos from SpaceX are not just a record of a successful mission, they are a celebration of human ingenuity and our relentless pursuit of knowledge. They serve as a testament to what we can achieve when we look towards the stars and dare to dream.

Relive the awe-inspiring launch of the X-37B space plane through SpaceX’s dazzling photos and take a step into the future of space exploration.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/relive-spacex-nighttime-launch-x-37b-space-plane-otv-8-mission-photos](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/relive-spacex-nighttime-launch-x-37b-space-plane-otv-8-mission-photos).

As we inch closer to 2027, anticipation is building for one of nature’s grandest spectacles – a total solar eclipse. This celestial phenomenon will be best viewed from Spain, Egypt, and North Africa. Eclipse enthusiasts are already planning their trips and for those seeking to join the party, we have gathered expert weather insights and travel advice to ensure the best possible viewing experience.

A total solar eclipse is an event of a lifetime. It occurs when the moon’s orbit aligns perfectly with the sun and Earth, causing the moon to cast a shadow onto Earth and momentarily turning day into night. This awe-inspiring event is not only a treat for the eyes, but it also provides a unique opportunity for scientists to study the sun’s outer atmosphere.

In 2027, the path of totality – the narrow region where the full eclipse can be witnessed – is set to pass over Spain, Egypt, and North Africa. The duration of totality will vary depending on the location, with some areas experiencing it for over five minutes.

Eclipse experts recommend planning your trip well in advance. High demand could lead to a shortage of accommodation and transportation, especially in smaller towns and cities along the path of totality.

When choosing a viewing location, weather is a critical factor. Clear skies are essential for an unimpeded view of the eclipse. Spain, particularly the southern region, generally has favourable weather conditions in August, the month of the eclipse. However, it’s always wise to have a backup plan. A portable shelter or a vehicle can provide a quick escape from unexpected cloud cover or rain.

Egypt and North Africa are also excellent viewing locations, particularly for those seeking a more adventurous eclipse experience. The Sahara Desert, with its vast, cloudless skies, is an ideal spot for eclipse viewing. However, the desert presents its own challenges, including extreme heat and limited amenities. Travelers are advised to bring plenty of water, sun protection, and potentially a guide who knows the terrain.

Another tip from experts is to arrive at your viewing location at least a day or two before the event. This will allow time to scout out the best viewing spot, get acclimated to the local weather conditions, and have a dry run of setting up any viewing equipment.

Remember, looking directly at the sun, even when it is partially obscured by the moon, can cause permanent eye damage. Always use approved solar viewing glasses or indirect viewing methods.

Finally, while the solar eclipse is the main event, don’t forget to take in the surrounding scenery and local culture. The total solar eclipse of 2027 promises to be a memorable event, not only for the breathtaking celestial show but also for the unique travel experience.

Whether you’re a seasoned eclipse chaser or a first-time viewer, these expert tips will help you make the most of the total solar eclipse in 2027. The countdown has begun, so start planning your ultimate eclipse expedition now.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/stargazing/solar-eclipses/eclipse-experts-best-travel-tips-for-the-total-solar-eclipse-2027](https://www.space.com/stargazing/solar-eclipses/eclipse-experts-best-travel-tips-for-the-total-solar-eclipse-2027).

Title: Put a Ring on It: A Walkthrough of the Mesmerizing Saturn Trivia Quiz

Do you fancy yourself the Lord of the Rings – of Saturn, that is? If you’ve always been captivated by the wonders of space and the celestial bodies that inhabit it, then it’s time to test your knowledge with our Saturn-themed space quiz. This isn’t just about the planet itself, but also its stunning rings, the moons that orbit it, and the missions that have explored it.

Saturn, the sixth planet from the sun, is one of the most iconic planets in our solar system, primarily due to its spectacular ring system. But how well do you really know this gas giant and its illustrious rings? This Saturn trivia quiz will not only challenge your astronomical knowledge but will also give you a chance to learn more about one of our system’s most intriguing celestial bodies.

The quiz delves into questions about Saturn’s size, its position in the solar system, the composition of its rings, and even its weather patterns. For instance, did you know that Saturn is the second-largest planet in our solar system, just behind Jupiter? Or that its rings, while appearing solid from afar, are actually composed of countless small particles of ice and rock, each orbiting Saturn like a tiny moon?

Saturn’s moons also play a significant role in the quiz. With 82 known moons, Saturn boasts an impressive lunar family. The largest and perhaps most famous of these is Titan – an intriguing moon that is larger than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in our solar system to have a substantial atmosphere.

The quiz also includes questions about various missions to Saturn. NASA’s Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and Cassini missions have given us a wealth of information about this ringed planet. Did you know that the Cassini orbiter spent 13 years studying Saturn, its rings, and its moons, providing unprecedented insights into this complex system?

Whether you’re an astronomy enthusiast, a curious student, or just someone who enjoys looking at the stars at night, this Saturn trivia quiz is a fun and informative way to test your knowledge and learn more about one of our solar system’s most fascinating planets.

So, do you think you’ve got what it takes to claim the title of ‘Lord of the Rings of Saturn’? There’s only one way to find out – take the quiz! It’s your chance to explore Saturn from the comfort of your own home, diving into the mysteries of this gas giant and its stunning ring system.

Ready to embark on this astronomical journey? Don’t forget to share your results and challenge your friends to beat your score. After all, space exploration is more fun when it’s a shared adventure.

Read more from the original source here: [Saturn Trivia Quiz](https://www.space.com/astronomy/saturn/put-a-ring-on-it-saturn-trivia-quiz)

Title: SpaceX Set to Deliver 5,000 lbs Of Cargo to ISS on August 24

The early hours of Sunday, August 24, will witness the 33rd Dragon cargo mission of SpaceX, with its Falcon 9 rocket set to launch 5,000 pounds of cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). The mission, which is open for public viewing, will take place from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, providing an exciting spectacle for space enthusiasts around the globe.

The Dragon cargo spacecraft, a reusable unmanned spacecraft developed by SpaceX, is designed to deliver both cargo and people to orbiting destinations. The upcoming mission, known as CRS-33, is part of a series of resupply missions for NASA to the ISS. It will carry scientific research, crew supplies, and hardware to the orbiting laboratory.

The Falcon 9 rocket, which is the two-stage vehicle carrying the Dragon spacecraft, is known for its reliability and reusability. The rocket’s first stage is capable of re-entering the atmosphere and landing vertically after separating from the second stage, a feature that has revolutionized space travel by reducing costs and waste.

The CRS-33 mission is a testament to the ongoing collaboration between NASA and SpaceX. The partnership, which has been instrumental in maintaining the continuous human presence on the ISS for the past 20 years, is a model for future public-private partnerships in space exploration.

SpaceX, founded by entrepreneur Elon Musk, has been a game-changer in the space industry. Its ambitious projects, such as the Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket, have significantly advanced the capabilities of commercial space travel. The company’s missions have not only provided valuable supply services to the ISS but have also ignited public interest and enthusiasm in space exploration.

As always, safety remains a top priority. The launch is contingent on weather conditions and technical factors, and mission controllers will be monitoring the situation closely. If the launch does not proceed as scheduled, a backup launch opportunity is available on Tuesday, August 26.

The launch will be broadcast live on NASA Television and the agency’s website, allowing space aficionados worldwide to witness the event in real-time. The webcast typically begins around 15 minutes before liftoff, providing viewers with expert commentary and insights into the mission’s objectives and processes.

The 33rd Dragon cargo mission is a significant event in the ongoing journey of space exploration. As SpaceX continues to push boundaries and innovate, the world watches with anticipation and excitement. Whether you’re an avid space enthusiast or a curious observer, the early morning launch on August 24 is a spectacle not to be missed.

Read more from the original source here: https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-crs-33-cargo-launch-international-space-station.

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Title: New Moon of August 2025 Ushers in Rare Black Moon and Proximate Mars Encounter

The celestial ballet won’t cease to amaze, as the new moon of August 2025 promises a rare astronomical spectacle: a black moon on August 23, followed by a close encounter between the young crescent and Mars just days later.

A black moon, despite its ominous name, holds a rather simple meaning. It refers to the second new moon occurring within a single calendar month. This unique lunar phenomenon is a result of the moon’s approximately 29.5-day-long cycle, which is slightly shorter than our typical calendar month. The first new moon of August 2025 is set to occur on the 1st, with the black moon following on the 23rd. Astronomers and sky-watchers alike eagerly anticipate this event, as black moons are relatively rare, happening approximately every two and a half years.

During a new moon, our celestial companion is positioned between the Earth and the Sun. As a result, it appears dark from our vantage point, blending seamlessly into the night sky. During a black moon, this darkness is even more profound, creating an ideal backdrop for stargazing and the observation of celestial bodies usually overshadowed by the moon’s brilliance.

But the celestial marvels of August 2025 are not limited to the black moon. Just days later, the young crescent moon and Mars will share a close encounter that will be visible to the naked eye. This celestial rendezvous, known as a conjunction, will see Mars and the moon within a hair’s breadth of each other in our night sky.

On August 27, 2025, when the moon has moved into waxing crescent phase, it will appear to slide right past Mars in the western sky just after sunset. This striking spectacle, with Mars glowing a distinct reddish hue against the moon’s silver crescent, promises to be a sight to behold.

Even with the naked eye, watchers should be able to distinguish Mars’ reddish tint. However, for a closer look at the Red Planet’s features, a small telescope would come in handy. For stargazers in the western hemisphere, this visual treat will be all the more enchanting as the pair will stay visible for several hours after sunset, gradually setting in the west.

The August 2025 black moon and the subsequent Mars and moon conjunction offer an unmissable feast for the eyes of both casual sky-watchers and seasoned astronomers. Whether you’re an avid stargazer or just an occasional appreciator of the night sky’s beauty, mark your calendars and prepare for a celestial spectacle that will leave you starstruck.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/stargazing/new-moon-of-august-2025-brings-a-rare-black-moon-and-a-close-mars-encounter](https://www.space.com/stargazing/new-moon-of-august-2025-brings-a-rare-black-moon-and-a-close-mars-encounter).

Title: Pragmata: A Game-Changing Sci-Fi Shooter That Borrows From The Classics

Five years in the making, Pragmata is no ordinary sci-fi video game. Instead of being content with the status quo, the creators have taken a bold step forward, delivering a unique and innovative experience that brims with potential. This game, set in an intriguing dystopian future, brings a new flavor to the world of sci-fi shooter combat, with a surprising twist: it draws inspiration from one of the most iconic games of the past, Snake.

Pragmata stands out from the crowd due to its unique approach to gameplay. A far cry from the predictable combat systems of many contemporary sci-fi shooters, Pragmata reimagines its combat system with a daring new approach. It’s an audacious move that could have been overly ambitious. Yet, the creators have elegantly managed to pull it off, making Pragmata a game worth waiting for.

The game’s combat system owes a lot to Snake, a classic game that took the world by storm in the late 70s and 80s. The influence of Snake is evident in Pragmata’s design, which prompts players to think strategically about their movements and actions, much like the simple yet addictive gameplay of Snake.

However, Pragmata isn’t just a rehash of old ideas. The game takes the strategic movement and planning of Snake and combines it with immersive, high-stakes combat, creating a fresh experience for players. Additionally, the game’s stunning visuals and captivating storyline set in a dystopian future further elevate the playing experience.

Pragmata’s fascinating setting is another of its strengths. The game takes place in a beautifully rendered, dystopian future where players are encouraged to explore and interact with their surroundings. This setting not only provides a visually stunning backdrop for the combat but also adds a layer of depth to the gameplay. It’s a world that invites exploration and discovery, adding a touch of adventure to the sci-fi shooter combat.

The creators of Pragmata have taken a risk by straying from the traditional path of sci-fi shooter combat games. They’ve dared to innovate and breathe new life into a genre that was in danger of becoming stale. With its strategic combat system, stunning visuals, and immersive setting, Pragmata promises to be an exciting addition to the sci-fi gaming world.

Five years might seem like a long time to wait for a game, but if Pragmata’s innovative approach to sci-fi shooter combat is anything to go by, it will be worth the wait. This game offers a fresh and engaging experience that does more than just pay homage to the classics—it brings something entirely new to the table.

Whether you’re a fan of the classic game Snake, a sci-fi aficionado, or someone who appreciates innovative gameplay, Pragmata is a game to watch out for. It’s a testament to the exciting potential that lies within the intersection of creativity, technology, and a passion for gaming.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/entertainment/space-games/pragmata-rethinks-sci-fi-shooter-combat-and-it-owes-a-lot-to-snake-preview](https://www.space.com/entertainment/space-games/pragmata-rethinks-sci-fi-shooter-combat-and-it-owes-a-lot-to-snake-preview).

Title: A Black Moon Rises in a Rare Celestial Show: What You Need to Know

The cosmos never fails to astonish us with its celestial ballet. On August 23, sky-watchers will be in for a treat, albeit an invisible one — the rise of a Black Moon. This elusive lunar event, owing to its unique timing, is one of the rarer phenomena in astronomy.

What is intriguing about the Black Moon is that while it will rise, you won’t be able to see it. This is because a Black Moon is essentially a second new moon in a single calendar month, an occurrence that happens only once every couple of years. The new moon phase is the first phase of the lunar cycle when the moon is in conjunction with the sun and invisible to the naked eye.

This upcoming Black Moon’s notoriety lies in the fact that it will rise in the morning, alongside the sun, an event that makes it even rarer. Usually, new moons rise at sunset, reach their highest point at midnight, and set at sunrise. However, this Black Moon will deviate from the norm, ascending with the daytime star, and will stay in the sky throughout the day, hidden in the sun’s blinding light.

While the moon won’t be visible, its astronomical impact will be felt. The Black Moon’s gravitational pull will cause “spring tides,” a phenomenon where both the high and low tides are more extreme than usual. This is due to the alignment of the sun, moon, and Earth, which results in a more significant gravitational effect on our planet’s oceans.

Even though the Black Moon will remain hidden, it does not mean that the celestial event is devoid of excitement. The invisible moon still provides a perfect backdrop for viewing stars and celestial bodies usually outshone by the moon’s glow in the nighttime sky.

Without the moon’s usual glare, the sky will be darker, and the stars will appear more vibrant. It’s an opportune time for stargazing, as the absence of moonlight allows for better visibility of distant galaxies, star clusters, and meteor showers.

Astrophotographers, too, can seize the opportunity to capture clear images of deep-space objects without the moon’s light interfering.

So, while you may not be able to witness the Black Moon directly, its effects will provide a spectacle in their own right. It’s yet another reminder of how the cosmos continues to intrigue, surprise, and inspire awe in us.

Remember to mark your calendars for August 23 to witness the invisible influence of this rare Black Moon. Whether you’re a seasoned astronomer or just a casual sky-watcher, this celestial event promises a unique stargazing experience, reminding us all of the endless mysteries and wonders the universe holds.

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/stargazing/a-rare-black-moon-rises-with-the-sun-on-aug-23-2025-heres-what-to-expect](https://www.space.com/stargazing/a-rare-black-moon-rises-with-the-sun-on-aug-23-2025-heres-what-to-expect).

Title: Think You Know Our Solar System’s Dwarf Planets? Test Your Skills with Our New Quiz!

If the name ‘Pluto’ rings a bell, you’re likely familiar with the term ‘dwarf planet.’ Once classified as our solar system’s ninth planet, Pluto’s demotion to dwarf planet status in 2006 sparked wide interest and debate among space enthusiasts. However, there’s more to the dwarf planet category than just Pluto! How well can you name the other dwarf planets that share our solar system? It’s time to put your cosmic knowledge to the test with a new engaging quiz!

Dwarf planets, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), are celestial bodies that orbit the sun, have enough mass to assume a nearly round shape, but have not cleared their orbit of other debris. In simpler terms, they are like smaller siblings to the eight fully fledged planets we learned to name in school.

Pluto, the most famous among these, resides in the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune teeming with icy bodies. But did you know that there are other intriguing dwarf planets in our own backyard of space? Some of them have moons of their own, others have unique and eccentric orbits, and all contribute to the rich tapestry of our solar system.

Eris, the largest known dwarf planet, is one of these captivating celestial bodies. Named after the Greek goddess of discord and strife, Eris is famous for its highly elliptical orbit and its solitary moon, Dysnomia. Then there’s Haumea, a peculiar dwarf planet with an incredibly fast rotation and an elongated shape, not to mention its two moons!

There’s also Makemake, another inhabitant of the distant Kuiper Belt, and Ceres, the closest dwarf planet to Earth located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Both are fascinating in their own right, with Makemake’s lack of atmosphere and Ceres’ signs of seasonal change and water-ice.

Now, you may be wondering, how well do I really know these celestial underdogs? This is where our brand-new quiz comes in. Designed to challenge both novice stargazers and seasoned astronomers, this quiz will test your knowledge on the often-overlooked members of our solar system. From their names and locations to intriguing facts about their composition and orbit, this quiz covers it all.

So, are you ready to venture beyond the familiar eight planets? The universe is a vast, fascinating place, and our solar system’s dwarf planets offer a glimpse into the diversity of celestial bodies that populate it. Whether you’re a space enthusiast or just a curious learner, this quiz is a fun, engaging way to test your knowledge and learn something new.

Ready to take the challenge? Join us in exploring the lesser-known residents of our solar system. You might surprise yourself with how much you know – or how much you have yet to discover!

Read more from the original source here: [https://www.space.com/astronomy/dwarf-planets/think-you-know-our-solar-systems-dwarf-planets-test-your-skills-with-our-new-quiz](https://www.space.com/astronomy/dwarf-planets/think-you-know-our-solar-systems-dwarf-planets-test-your-skills-with-our-new-quiz).

Title: Mercury’s Incredible Shrinking Act: New Study Sheds Light

Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest to the sun, is still shrinking. A new study has offered a more precise estimate on just how much the planet has contracted as it cools from its molten state following its formation.

The contraction of Mercury is a fascinating process that has been happening over billions of years. The cooling core of the planet has caused it to shrink, creating wrinkles on its surface known as lobate scarps. These cliff-like landforms are a visual record of the planet’s history and its continuous cooling.

Previously, estimates of Mercury’s contraction were broad, ranging from 1 to 10 kilometers in radius reduction over the last 4 billion years. However, new research has significantly narrowed down this estimate, providing a more definitive picture of the planet’s transformation.

The study, conducted by an international team of scientists, used thousands of images of Mercury’s surface captured by NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft, which orbited the planet from 2011 to 2015. By analyzing these images and using a new global topographic map, the researchers were able to measure the surface area lost as the planet contracted.

The results of their analysis reveal that Mercury has shrunk by approximately 14 kilometers in radius since its formation 4.5 billion years ago. This is significantly more than previous estimates for the last 4 billion years and suggests that the planet may have contracted more rapidly in its early history.

This discovery is not only a milestone in our understanding of Mercury’s evolution but also provides valuable insight into the processes that shape the planets in our solar system.

“The new estimate of Mercury’s contraction is significant because it tells us about the planet’s thermal history, the material it’s made of, and how its interior has cooled,” explained Paul Byrne, associate professor of planetary science at North Carolina State University and one of the study’s authors.

The findings also have implications for our understanding of other rocky planets, including Earth. “Mercury provides an example of how planets cool and contract,” Byrne added. “So the more we learn about Mercury, the more we learn about the evolution of our planet and others like it.”

In the grand scheme of the universe, Mercury’s shrinkage might seem like small change. But for scientists studying the intricacies of planetary formation and evolution, it’s a big deal. As we continue to explore the cosmos, every piece of knowledge we gain brings us one step closer to understanding our place in the universe.

Read more from the original source here: [How Much Has Mercury Shrunk?](https://www.space.com/astronomy/mercury/how-much-has-mercury-shrunk)